近日(ri)，浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省發改(gai)(gai)委(wei)(wei)發布《省發展改(gai)(gai)革委(wei)(wei)關于省十四(si)屆人大(da)三(san)次會議湖21號建議的(de)(de)答(da)復(fu)》，針對加快(kuai)落實(shi)“隔(ge)墻售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”有關政策(ce)”的(de)(de)建議，答(da)復(fu)稱，浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省將加快(kuai)清(qing)潔能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)建設，保障(zhang)風光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目接入，鼓(gu)勵火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)靈活性(xing)改(gai)(gai)造與(yu)儲能設施配套建設，支(zhi)(zhi)持省內負荷中心與(yu)西部清(qing)潔能源(yuan)基地的(de)(de)跨區輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通道建設。 今年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來，江(jiang)(jiang)蘇、四(si)川相繼提出探(tan)索發展“綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直供(gong)”模(mo)式，創新實(shi)施“隔(ge)墻售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”政策(ce)，隨著能源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型走在(zai)全國前列的(de)(de)華(hua)東經濟(ji)大(da)省浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)加入，推行七(qi)年(nian)(nian)停滯不(bu)前的(de)(de)“隔(ge)墻售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”政策(ce)將在(zai)2025年(nian)(nian)迎來實(shi)質(zhi)性(xing)破(po)題。 在(zai)全球能源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型的(de)(de)浪潮(chao)中，隔(ge)墻售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直供(gong)與(yu)儲能技術(shu)的(de)(de)融合正(zheng)形成相互支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)、協同共進的(de)(de)能源(yuan)供(gong)需(xu)“新三(san)角關系(xi)”。 這(zhe)一動(dong)態平衡的(de)(de)體系(xi)既破(po)解了傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力模(mo)式的(de)(de)瓶頸，又為清(qing)潔能源(yuan)的(de)(de)規模(mo)化應用開辟了新路徑。

01   綠電直供：綠色能源的直通車

綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)是指新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業通(tong)過物理(li)(li)專線或虛(xu)擬直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)向終端用戶(hu)(hu)(hu)供(gong)應綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)，并(bing)附(fu)帶可(ke)(ke)溯(su)源(yuan)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)認(ren)證(zheng)。 這(zhe)一模式(shi)(shi)(shi)讓綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)從(cong)(cong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達(da)用戶(hu)(hu)(hu)端，減(jian)少(shao)中(zhong)間環節(jie)損耗，使(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)價(jia)值得到更(geng)充分體現。 對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)高耗能(neng)(neng)企(qi)(qi)業來說，使(shi)用綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)能(neng)(neng)降低用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，提(ti)(ti)升企(qi)(qi)業在(zai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色低碳(tan)市場環境下(xia)的(de)競爭(zheng)力(li)。 從(cong)(cong)宏觀角(jiao)度看，它促進了可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)消納(na)(na)，推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結構向綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色化轉型，助力(li)實(shi)現碳(tan)減(jian)排目標(biao)。 在(zai)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)驅動(dong)方面，歐盟(meng)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池法要(yao)求出口(kou)產品需提(ti)(ti)供(gong)可(ke)(ke)追溯(su)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)碳(tan)足(zu)跡，傳統綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)證(zheng)采購(gou)不被認(ren)可(ke)(ke)，這(zhe)就倒逼企(qi)(qi)業采用物理(li)(li)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)，綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)因此成為企(qi)(qi)業應對(dui)(dui)(dui)國(guo)際(ji)貿易綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色壁壘的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手段。 今年2月，江蘇在(zai)全國(guo)率先(xian)啟動(dong)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)業統一規劃(hua)建設連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池企(qi)(qi)業和(he)(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)專線的(de)創新試點,通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設專線實(shi)現了常(chang)州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池廠(chang)、蘇州光伏(fu)基地等與用戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)點對(dui)(dui)(dui)點直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)，將有效規避歐盟(meng)碳(tan)關(guan)稅。 3月，四川也發布政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，提(ti)(ti)出探索發展“綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)”模式(shi)(shi)(shi)，強化園(yuan)區與周邊光伏(fu)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)資源(yuan)匹(pi)配對(dui)(dui)(dui)接(jie)，創新實(shi)施“隔(ge)墻售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，提(ti)(ti)高園(yuan)區可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)和(he)(he)消費比例。 7月，云南、青海相繼(ji)印發綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)實(shi)施方案，均明確綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)項(xiang)目應合(he)理(li)(li)配置儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)、挖(wa)掘(jue)增強靈活調節(jie)潛力(li)。 國(guo)家(jia)層面，5月，國(guo)家(jia)發改委和(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局聯合(he)發布《關(guan)于(yu)有序推動(dong)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)發展有關(guan)事(shi)項(xiang)的(de)通(tong)知》，這(zhe)是國(guo)家(jia)層面首次(ci)提(ti)(ti)出“綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)”項(xiang)目的(de)實(shi)施政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。 在(zai)企(qi)(qi)業和(he)(he)用戶(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)消費需求不斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)升的(de)背景下(xia)，這(zhe)一政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)提(ti)(ti)出破解了綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溯(su)源(yuan)難(nan)題(ti)，激發新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費市場活力(li)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了“專屬通(tong)道”，標(biao)志著我國(guo)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納(na)(na)機制(zhi)迎來重(zhong)大突破。

02   隔墻售電：分布式能源消納引擎

隔(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)現市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)的通(tong)俗說法，允許分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)通(tong)過配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)直(zhi)接銷售(shou)(shou)(shou)給(gei)周(zhou)邊的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費者，而不(bu)是先(xian)(xian)低(di)價(jia)(jia)賣給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，再由(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)戶從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)高價(jia)(jia)買回(hui)。 這一模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)打破了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)統購(gou)統銷的壟斷，讓能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費者有機會成為(wei)(wei)“生產投(tou)資型消(xiao)費者”，是分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納和發(fa)展的關鍵(jian)引擎。 早在(zai) 2017 年(nian)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)改委、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局便印發(fa)《關于開(kai)展分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)試(shi)點的通(tong)知(zhi)》，允許分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)單位與配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)內(nei)就近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶進(jin)(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)易(yi)，標志著隔(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)啟動。 此(ci)(ci)后，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)與地方的支持政策不(bu)斷完(wan)善，多(duo)地積(ji)極(ji)開(kai)展隔(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)點，其中(zhong)，浙江(jiang)省在(zai)2022年(nian)8月(yue)通(tong)過《浙江(jiang)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)條例》，明確(que)自(zi)2023年(nian)1月(yue)1日(ri)起，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業可以與周(zhou)邊用(yong)(yong)戶按照(zhao)規(gui)定(ding)直(zhi)接交(jiao)易(yi)，成為(wei)(wei)首個(ge)(ge)“隔(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”政策落地的省份，率(lv)(lv)先(xian)(xian)開(kai)啟了(le)(le)隔(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的實(shi)質化(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程。 江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省則更(geng)為(wei)(wei)積(ji)極(ji)，2019 年(nian)專門制定(ding)《江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)規(gui)則（試(shi)行(xing)）》。2023 年(nian)4月(yue)，國(guo)內(nei)首個(ge)(ge)“一對(dui)多(duo)”分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)試(shi)點項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)在(zai)蘇(su)(su)州工業園區(qu)落地投(tou)運(yun)，總裝(zhuang)機約12兆瓦，實(shi)現了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)直(zhi)接出售(shou)(shou)(shou)給(gei)同在(zai)一個(ge)(ge)110千伏變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站內(nei)的用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業，真正做到(dao)了(le)(le)就近消(xiao)納，為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)范圍內(nei)隔(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的推廣提供了(le)(le)寶貴的實(shi)踐經(jing)驗。 2025 年(nian)，江(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省再次發(fa)力(li)(li)，啟動首批(pi)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)連(lian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)點項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，覆(fu)蓋(gai)常(chang)州、蘇(su)(su)州、鹽城三市(shi)的5個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)點項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，這也是全國(guo)第一批(pi)由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)(qi)業統一規(gui)劃建設(she)，為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池企(qi)(qi)業提供專用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)的專線項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。 隔(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)意義在(zai)于，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)可以由(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)獲(huo)得(de)更(geng)多(duo)收益(yi)，促進(jin)(jin)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的建設(she)和發(fa)展；周(zhou)邊用(yong)(yong)戶則有可能(neng)(neng)以更(geng)低(di)的價(jia)(jia)格獲(huo)得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)，降(jiang)低(di)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)；同時，也促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)(qi)業向平(ping)臺化(hua)(hua)服務戰略轉型，提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)運(yun)營效率(lv)(lv)。

03   儲能：穩定能源供應的壓艙石

儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崛(jue)起(qi)將(jiang)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)在(zai)短時(shi)間(jian)內快速產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)儲(chu)存起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，以(yi)便在(zai)需要(yao)時(shi)提供穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)可預測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力。 儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統在(zai)現代(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型中(zhong)扮演(yan)著至關重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)色，在(zai)綠電(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供模式中(zhong)，對風(feng)光(guang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)要(yao)求具備更(geng)高穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加入將(jiang)起(qi)到了(le)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節(jie)作(zuo)用。 當(dang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)過剩時(shi)，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設備將(jiang)多(duo)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)儲(chu)存起(qi)來(lai)(lai)；在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)或用電(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)，再釋放儲(chu)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，有效(xiao)解決了(le)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)歇性(xing)(xing)(xing)問題，保障綠電(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和連續(xu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。 例如，在(zai)一(yi)些風(feng)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)和光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)站，配置儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統后(hou)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠將(jiang)不(bu)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)輸出，滿足(zu)用戶持續(xu)用電(dian)(dian)需求。 隨著儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)展(zhan)，其(qi)成本逐(zhu)漸(jian)降低，效(xiao)率不(bu)斷(duan)提升(sheng)，應用場(chang)景也越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)廣泛(fan)，從電(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)調(diao)頻，到用戶側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分布式儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，都有儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身影，成為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域(yu)不(bu)可或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分。

04   新“三角”關系定位：各有使命，互為支撐

綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供(gong)+隔(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)+儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)需“新(xin)三(san)(san)角”如同(tong)“齒輪咬(yao)合”，綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供(gong)提供(gong)清潔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力源(yuan)頭，隔(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)搭建市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化流通渠道，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)則(ze)保(bao)障(zhang)整個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平穩運(yun)轉，缺一(yi)不(bu)可。 其中(zhong)，綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“綠(lv)色(se)底(di)座”，通過(guo)物理專線或虛(xu)擬通道實(shi)現(xian)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)與(yu)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)，確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力來源(yuan)可溯源(yuan)、碳(tan)排放可量化。 其核心價(jia)(jia)值在(zai)于為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提供(gong)“純(chun)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 解(jie)決方案，尤其在(zai)歐(ou)盟碳(tan)關稅、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池碳(tan)足跡等規則(ze)收(shou)緊的(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，成為出口型(xing)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)突破貿易壁壘的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。 隔(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“市(shi)場(chang)(chang)紐(niu)帶(dai)”，打破了分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan) “只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)賣給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)壟(long)斷模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，允許光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)屋頂、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)直(zhi)接(jie)向(xiang)周邊用(yong)(yong)戶售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 它讓(rang)(rang)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供(gong)從“點(dian)對(dui)點(dian)專線” 擴展(zhan)到 “分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)共享”，激活了中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)參與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)交易的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性，本質是(shi)(shi)(shi)重構能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)配邏輯。 儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“穩定(ding)內(nei)核”，通過(guo)平抑新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)間歇性（如光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)夜晚不(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遇靜風(feng)(feng)期），為前兩者提供(gong) “削峰填谷(gu)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)調節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。沒有儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)支撐，綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性和隔(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈活性都難以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)。 多地試點(dian)項(xiang)目也驗證了這一(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)需“新(xin)三(san)(san)角”的(de)(de)(de)(de)協同(tong)效應。 在(zai)蘇州工(gong)業(ye)園區，12兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)項(xiang)目通過(guo)“隔(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”直(zhi)供(gong)周邊企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，配套的(de)(de)(de)(de)2兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)/4兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)解(jie)決了光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)白天發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)晚間用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯配問題。 實(shi)現(xian)了發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方收(shou)益(yi)比賣給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高、購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)顯(xian)著降低，年(nian)減(jian)碳(tan)大幅增加的(de)(de)(de)(de)“綠(lv)色(se) + 經濟” 雙重收(shou)益(yi)。 在(zai)內(nei)蒙古和林(lin)格爾數據中(zhong)心集群項(xiang)目中(zhong)，360兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)風(feng)(feng)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)通過(guo) “綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供(gong)” 為數據中(zhong)心供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，259.2兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)則(ze)保(bao)障(zhang)了服(fu)務器24小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)間斷運(yun)行。 同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，項(xiang)目預(yu)留了分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)接(jie)口，未(wei)來可通過(guo)“隔(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 向(xiang)周邊產(chan)業(ye)園擴展(zhan)，形成 “集中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) + 分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)交易 + 儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)調節” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)立體模(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。 這些案例(li)證明，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)讓(rang)(rang)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)供(gong)從“理想” 變為 “現(xian)實(shi)”，隔(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)讓(rang)(rang)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)值從 “單一(yi)” 走向(xiang) “多元(yuan)”，三(san)(san)者結合既能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)轉型(xing)需求(qiu)，又能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)激活市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體的(de)(de)(de)(de)參與(yu)熱情。

05   破局之道：聚焦三個關鍵點

盡管如(ru)此，當前，“新(xin)三(san)(san)角(jiao)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)同仍面臨(lin)諸多挑戰(zhan)。 綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)面臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)是專線(xian)建設(she)成本高，建設(she)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)配套設(she)施前期投資(zi)(zi)巨(ju)大(da)(da)(da)，若綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)價格(ge)機制(zhi)不(bu)完(wan)善，難以(yi)在(zai)(zai)短期內收回成本，影響(xiang)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)(zi)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)技(ji)術(shu)層(ceng)面，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具有間歇性(xing)(xing)和(he)波(bo)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)特點(dian)(dian)，如(ru)風力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)依賴風速，太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)光(guang)照(zhao)時間和(he)強(qiang)度(du)(du)制(zhi)約，這(zhe)導(dao)致綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)難以(yi)保障，需(xu)要強(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)手段(duan)和(he)調節(jie)機制(zhi)來(lai)平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)。 隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)7年(nian)成效甚微，問題(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)于過(guo)(guo)網費(fei)機制(zhi)模(mo)糊(hu)不(bu)清(qing)(qing)，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai) “隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 中(zhong)利益分(fen)(fen)配不(bu)明確(que)，影響(xiang)其積(ji)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)；跨區(qu)域交易(yi)壁壘(lei)重重，限(xian)制(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)范圍；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸配成本分(fen)(fen)擔(dan)不(bu)清(qing)(qing)晰，輔助(zhu)服務價值沒能(neng)(neng)(neng)得到很(hen)好體現(xian)等(deng)(deng)，都阻礙了(le)(le)(le)(le)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)推廣。 儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)則面臨(lin)經濟性(xing)(xing)依賴政策補貼等(deng)(deng)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)。 推動(dong)“新(xin)三(san)(san)角(jiao)”深(shen)度(du)(du)融合(he)(he)，需(xu)聚(ju)焦三(san)(san)個(ge)關(guan)鍵點(dian)(dian)： 政策協(xie)同，明確(que)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)與(yu)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)界（如(ru)專線(xian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)與(yu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)交易(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)場(chang)(chang)景(jing)），統一(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)(guo)網費(fei)核算標(biao)準，將儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成本納(na)入綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交易(yi)溢價體系(xi)，讓市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體有清(qing)(qing)晰預期。 技(ji)術(shu)適(shi)配，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展“分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng) + 集中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)” 混合(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，結合(he)(he)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網調度(du)(du)技(ji)術(shu)，實(shi)現(xian)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)與(yu)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)景(jing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈活切(qie)換，提升系(xi)統整體效率。 市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)擴容，鼓(gu)勵“園(yuan)區(qu) + 三(san)(san)角(jiao)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)” 推廣，在(zai)(zai)產業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)內集中(zhong)建設(she)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)、共享儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，通過(guo)(guo)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)現(xian)就(jiu)近消納(na)，降低單(dan)個(ge)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參與(yu)門檻(jian)。 近年(nian)來(lai)，各地也探索了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些值得借鑒破(po)(po)題(ti)(ti)(ti)思路。 河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)在(zai)(zai) 2024 年(nian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有關(guan) “源(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化項目(mu)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策文件中(zhong)，允許第三(san)(san)方(fang)在(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)自(zi)有或周邊(bian)土地建設(she)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)和(he)分(fen)(fen)散(san)式(shi)(shi)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)自(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)自(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)接入方(fang)面，以(yi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)近、就(jiu)地、就(jiu)低、可(ke)溯源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)標(biao)，鼓(gu)勵建設(she)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色專變、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色專線(xian)，保障一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化項目(mu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接為(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶服務。 這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)舉(ju)措被視為(wei)(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級層(ceng)面“隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)冰之舉(ju)，巧妙地繞過(guo)(guo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)向(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網反送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)及過(guo)(guo)網費(fei)爭議等(deng)(deng)棘手問題(ti)(ti)(ti)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)辟了(le)(le)(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路徑。 另外，一(yi)(yi)(yi)些省(sheng)份(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)“綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong) + 儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng) + 隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)多方(fang)共贏。 編后語：隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)與(yu)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)三(san)(san)角(jiao)關(guan)系(xi)”，本質是能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領域 “綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色化” 與(yu) “市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)(du)融合(he)(he)。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體系(xi)既回應了(le)(le)(le)(le) “雙碳(tan)” 目(mu)標(biao)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減排需(xu)求，又順(shun)應了(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體制(zhi)改革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化方(fang)向(xiang)。 隨著(zhu)政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)善、技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迭代(dai)，三(san)(san)者將從“試(shi)點(dian)(dian)聯動(dong)” 走向(xiang) “規模(mo)協(xie)同”，為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)型提供(gong)(gong)更可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)支(zhi)撐(cheng)。

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